Why Every Car & Bike Owner Needs a GPS Tracker! 🚗🏍

 Have you ever worried about your vehicle’s security or wanted better control over your car or bike’s usage? A GPS tracker can be the ultimate solution! Here’s why every personal vehicle owner should consider installing one:

✅ Theft Protection & Quick Recovery – Track your vehicle in real time and set geofence alerts to get notified if it moves unexpectedly. Some models even allow remote engine shutdown!

✅ Safety for Loved Ones – Keep an eye on teen drivers or elderly family members to ensure safe driving habits. Get instant alerts for overspeeding or emergencies.

✅ Save on Fuel & Improve Driving Habits – Monitor routes, fuel consumption, and idling time to optimize trips and reduce costs.

✅ Never Lose Your Car in Parking Again – Track your last parked location and find your vehicle effortlessly!

🚀 Take control of your vehicle’s safety today!

Do you already use a GPS tracker? Share your experience in the comments!👇

❌ Don’t have a GPS tracker yet? Secure your vehicle now!

📞 Contact us at +91 9963765670 or prayogaenterprises@gmail.com

Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based radionavigation system.

• It is one of the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) that provides geolocation and time information to a GPS receiver anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites.Obstacles such as mountains and buildings block the relatively weak GPS signals.
• It has been fully operational since 1993.

Alternatives to GPS :-

• Galileo is the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) that went live in 2016,[5] created by the European Union. 
• GLONASS or "GLObal NAvigation Satellite System", is a space-based satellite navigation system operating as part of a radionavigation-satellite service by sovient Union.
• The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) is a Chinese satellite navigation system.
• The Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), with an operational name of NavIC is an autonomous regional satellite navigation system that provides accurate real-time positioning and timing services.

Working Principle of GPS :-

The working/operation of the Global positioning system is based on the ‘trilateration’ mathematical principle. The position is determined from the distance measurements to satellites. From the figure, any four satellites are used to determine the position of the receiver on the earth. The target location is confirmed by the 4th satellite. And three satellites are used to trace the location. A fourth satellite is used to confirm the target location of each of those space vehicles. Global positioning system consists of a satellite, control station and monitor station and receiver. The GPS receiver takes the information from the satellite and uses the method of triangulation to determine a user’s exact position.

Ways to Improve GPS Accuracy :-

Augmentation:

Integrating external information into the calculation process can materially improve accuracy. Such augmentation systems are generally named or described based on how the information arrives. Some systems transmit additional error information (such as clock drift, ephemera, or ionospheric delay), others characterize prior errors, while a third group provides additional navigational or vehicle information.

1.Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) :- 

Satellite-based augmentation systems (SBAS) support wide-area or regional augmentation through the use of additional satellite-broadcast messages. Using measurements from the ground stations, correction messages are created and sent to one or more satellites for broadcast to end users as differential signals.

• The Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS), operated by the United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).
• The European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS), operated by the ESSP (on behalf of EU's GSA).
• The Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), operated by Japan, started initial operations in November 2018.
• The GPS Aided Geo Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) system being operated by India.
• The GLONASS (System for Differential Correction and Monitoring, SDCM), operated by Russia with global coverage.

2.Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS):-

The Ground-Based Augmentation System (GBAS) provides Differential GPS (DGPS) corrections and integrity verification near an airport, replacing Instrument Landing Systems (ILS). Reference receivers in surveyed positions measure GPS deviations and calculate corrections emitted at 2 Hz through VHF data broadcast (VDB) within 23 nmi (43 km). One GBAS supports up to 48 approaches and covers many runway ends with more installation flexibility than an ILS with localizer and glideslope antennas at each end. A GBAS can provide multiple approaches to reduce wake turbulence and improve resilience, maintaining availability and operations continuity

ILS :- A radionavigation system which provides aircraft with horizontal and vertical guidance just before and during landing and, at certain fixed points, indicates the distance to the reference point of landing.

3. Aircraft Based Augmentation System (ABAS) :-

The augmentation may also take the form of additional information from navigation sensors being blended into the position calculation, or internal algorithms that improve the navigation performance. Many times the additional avionics operate via separate principles than the GNSS and are not necessarily subject to the same sources of error or interference. A system such as this is referred to as an aircraft-based augmentation system (ABAS) by the ICAO. The most widely used form of ABAS is receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM), which uses redundant GPS signals to ensure the integrity of the position solution, and to detect faulty signals.[8]

Additional sensors may include:

• eLORAN receivers
• Automated celestial navigation systems
• Inertial navigation systems
• Distance measuring equipment, often multiple systems are used to create a positional fix (DME/DME). Can also be used with INS (DME/DME/INS).
• Simple dead reckoning systems (composed of a gyro compass and a distance measurement)

RAIM :- Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) provides integrity monitoring of GPS for aviation applications. In order for a GPS receiver to perform RAIM or fault detection (FD) function, a minimum of five visible satellites with satisfactory geometry must be visible to it. RAIM has various kinds of implementations; one of them performs consistency checks between all position solutions obtained with various subsets of the visible satellites. The receiver provides an alert to the pilot if the consistency checks fail.

ADVANTAGES OF GPS:

• GPS satellite based navigation system is an important tool for military, civil and commercial users.
• Vehicle tracking systems GPS-based navigation systems can provide us with turn by turn directionsVery high speed.
• Ease of operation & Operating Speed. 

DISADVANTAGES OF GPS:

• GPS satellite signals are too weak when compared to phone signals, so it doesn’t work as well indoors, underwater, under trees, etc.
• The highest accuracy requires line-of-sight from the receiver to the satellite, this is why GPS doesn’t work very well in an urban environment.

ERRORS IN GPS :-

Atmospheric Effects:- 

Inconsistencies of atmospheric conditions affect the speed of the GPS signals as they pass through the Earth's atmosphere, especially the ionosphere. Correcting these errors is a significant challenge to improving GPS position accuracy. These effects are smallest when the satellite is directly overhead and become greater for satellites nearer the horizon since the path through the atmosphere is longer . Once the receiver's approximate location is known, a mathematical model can be used to estimate and compensate for these errors.

Multipath Effects :- 

GPS signals can also be affected by multipath issues, where the radio signals reflect off surrounding terrain; buildings, canyon walls, hard ground, etc. These delayed signals cause measurement errors that are different for each type of GPS signal due to its dependency on the wavelength.

Multipath effects are much less severe in moving vehicles. When the GPS antenna is moving, the false solutions using reflected signals quickly fail to converge and only the direct signals result in stable solutions.

Ephemeris & Clock Errors :-

While the ephemeris data is transmitted every 30 seconds, the information itself may be up to two hours old. Variability in solar radiation pressure  has an indirect effect on GPS accuracy due to its effect on ephemeris errors. If a fast time to first fix (TTFF) is needed, it is possible to upload a valid ephemeris to a receiver, and in addition to setting the time, a position fix can be obtained in under ten seconds. It is feasible to put such ephemeris data on the web so it can be loaded into mobile GPS devices.

The satellites atomic clocks experience noise and clock drift errors. The navigation message contains corrections for these errors and estimates of the accuracy of the atomic clock. However, they are based on observations and may not indicate the clock's current state.

These problems tend to be very small, but may add up to a few meters (tens of feet) of inaccuracy.

Geometric Dilution Of Precision (GDOP) :-

The concept of geometric dilution of precision was introduced in the section, error sources and analysis. Computations were provided to show how PDOP was used and how it affected the receiver position error standard deviation.

When visible GPS satellites are close together in the sky (i.e., small angular separation), the DOP values are high; when far apart, the DOP values are low. Conceptually, satellites that are close together cannot provide as much information as satellites that are widely separated. Low DOP values represent a better GPS positional accuracy due to the wider angular separation between the satellites used to calculate GPS receiver position. HDOP, VDOP, PDOP and TDOP are respectively Horizontal, Vertical, Position (3-D) and Time Dilution of Precision.

Automotive Industry Standards 140(AIS 140) is a set of standards released by Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) specially designed to create an Intelligent Transport System (ITS) mainly to get control over the public transportation system in India.

AIS140 Implementation :-

• Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MORTH) informed all state governments and  released the first draft of rules G.S.R. 478(E) on 2nd May 2016 
• Second draft  G.S.R. 1095(E) stating that  this set of rules will be included in Central Motor Vehicles (Twentieth Amendment) Rules, 2016 and will be applicable from 01 April 2018. 
• Later the date was extended upto 01 April 2019.
• All states have not implemented it yet.

What are the Device Standards required for AIS140?

1. Devices shall have the  Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver specifications are as follows :-
   i.   Devices shall be capable of operating in L and/or S band and include support for NAVIC/IRNSS (Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System).
   ii.  The Device shall support GAGAN, the Indian SBAS (Satellite Based Augmentation System)
   iii. Device shall have a position accuracy of minimum 2.5 m
   iv. Device shall have an acquisition sensitivity of minimum (-) 148 dBm               
   v.  Device shall have an tracking sensitivity of minimum (-) 165 dBm       
   vi. Devices shall have an internal antenna; however if in case of Integrated systems with vehicle / aftermarket OEM approved kits if the fitment location prevents the internal antenna from functioning, then external antenna shall be provided.                          
2. Device shall support standard minimum I/Os as mentioned: 4 Digital, 2 Analogue and 1 Serial Communication (e.g. RS232) for interfacing external systems (E.g. Digital input for Emergency request button interfacing). 
3. Device shall be capable of transmitting data to minimum 2 different IP addresses (1 IP address for regulatory purpose (PVT data) and 1 IP address for Emergency response system other than the IP’s required for Operational purpose. 
4. Device shall have an internal back-up battery to support 4 hours of normal operations (to be tested for positional record transmission at a frequency of 60 sec) 
5. Device shall support over the air software and configuration update. 
6. The Device shall have a unique identifier for identifying the VLT device and data. The unique ID shall be stored in a read only memory area so that it cannot be altered or overwritten by any person. The unique identifier may be Vehicle Identification number or IMEI (International Mobile Station Equipment Identity) Number.                                         
7. Device shall have an Embedded SIM 
8. Devices shall be designed to operate between 8VDC and 32VDC using vehicle battery input voltage range 12 /24Volts. 
9. Device shall support any operational GNSS system with 12 (minimum) acquisition channels.
10. The Device shall support
    i. Location on GPRS/SMS.
    ii. Non-volatile memory to store min 40,000 positional log
    iii. Configurable backup SMS facility incase of GPRS failure 
11. Devices shall be dust, temperature, vibration, water splash resistant, IP 65 rated or better, tamper proof . 
12. Device shall be manufactured using processes as per quality management standard for automotive industries i.e. ISO/TS 16949 updated from time to time 
13. Device shall support A-GPS (Assisted GPS) 
14. Device shall have 3 axis accelerometer and 3 axis gyroscope for getting the alerts on harsh breaking harsh acceleration, and rash turning

Issues in AIS 140 Implementation ?

Q. What happens to those vehicles in India currently equipped with GPS tracking devices over the past few years?

A.These devices do not comply with AIS 140 standards. Fleet owners who previously installed non-compliant GPS tracking devices, to manage their fleet, have to replace them all else RTOs will not issue Fitness certificates.

Q.  Device & Running Cost ?

A. As these devices have high specifications . They usually cost twice the cost of a regular GPS device and also due to dual embedded e-sim running cost is also high in this device.

Q. Reliability ?

A.  As these devices are introduced into the market recently. There are issues to be addressed by manufacturers regarding the device firmware. It will take at least a couple of years before AIS140 devices become perfect.

I.For Vehicle Owners / Management :-

Difficulties:-

A. Inability to monitor vehicles

B.  Reduced efficiency and productivity due to vehicle idling, unaccounted stops,rash driving, etc

C.  Limited visibility on emergency events and driver behavior.

D.  Difficulty in resolving disputes and insurance claims

II.For Drivers :- 

Difficulties:-

A. Long recovery time in case of critical events.

B.  Safeguarding against false claims.

C.  Unauthorized usage or theft of vehicle.

III. For Passenger / Parent :-

Difficulties:-

A. Uncertain waiting at stops

B. No information about vehicle whereabouts

C. Safety concerns of loved ones

D. Long support & query resolution time.

Solution for Above problems:- Opt for Vehicle Tracking Solution

1.  Monitor fleet, drivers, passengers and goods in real-time

2.  Get alerts for critical events in real-time

3.  Keep track on events and get actionable safety & optimisation insights 

4.  Help your drivers focus on the road through tracking provided for users. So that users can get the live location without calling the driver.

5. Reduce losses by monitoring driver behaviour.

6. Safer driving protects your customers, goods and brand reputation.

7.  Improve driver behavior & build a safety-focused brand that customers trust 

In hardware based tracking solution GPS Device will be installed in your vehicle. Some important aspects to consider while opting for Hardware Based Tracking.

1. Backup Power :-

• GPS Device backup time for batteries depends on multiple ICs used in that device.
• GPS tracking is a very useful & reliable service when operated correctly. 
• Even if a car gets stolen and in the process the car battery is disconnected, with the GPS tracker backup battery. The user will be able to track  the vehicle and get the exact location. That is why having a GPS device with a backup battery is so important. 
• The average working time of a regular available internal battery is 4-7 hours.  The devices consume less power themselves and thus do not affect the performance of the vehicle battery. 

        2. Network Connectivity :-

• GPS Device data is a set of objects which change location with time while in motion. 
• We can get these data every second to the server for 100% accurate tracking. 
• For this we need reliable network connectivity to send accurate location information. Mostly GPS devices include a mobile data module that uses a standard SIM (Subscriber Identification Module) card. 
• This SIM card allows the device to send the location packets, sending emergency SMS (Short Message Service), and read the SMS which comes to the device. This type of SMS can be classified as control SMS or configuration SMS. 
• Using the control SMS, the user can control entire vehicle features like an immobilizer, etc. The main challenge is to get proper network coverage during the travel in remote areas. Normal GPS comes with a SIM slot where we can insert a SIM of our choice. Nowadays AIS140 devices have dual e-sim card options that switch between each other according to the signal strength providing reliable and better signal strength at all time.

       3. Water Damage :-

• GPS devices need to be in direct visibility to the sky to get accurate location data. 
• But If the device is fixed on the dashboard while the vehicle is washed there is a chance that the GPS Device gets water damaged. Since it is an electronic device even if a single drop goes inside it can damage the ICs. 
• The solution here is to make the devices water resistant . Older devices can be saved by providing a water resistant rubber sleeve and most of the new devices come with IP rating now . AIS140 has IP67 (IP 67 means the unit can be dropped into a body of water up to a meter deep for half an hour) rating and is resistant to dust also.

        4. GPS Faulty Tracking:-

• Another uncommon but possible issue is when the tracking data is faulty, inaccurate, contains “jumps” when a part of tracking data is missing. 
• These issues are a result of the server receiving bad GPS data from the device . In this case it's quite evident that the location data received to the server is unable to represent the device location.
• Reasons for this are quite obvious - the device may have lost a connection to GPS satellites and did not record any data; the recorded route shows straight lines ignoring paths or roads on the map.
• It may also be that the device may have recorded track points that deviate from the intended correct path. GPS devices and satellites communicate with extremely fast signals requiring precise detection and any slight inaccuracy in the signal's reception, or disturbance to the signal itself can translate into a significant error in the reported position. 
• Environmental factors such as dense trees, steep hillsides, tall buildings, basement parking, etc. can adversely impact GPS signal between the device and the satellites.In order to avoid this, we need to use a  device that can communicate with all available positioning networks – GPS, Glonass, Beidou, Galileo & NAVIC. 
• The more satellites visible for our device above our head, the more accurate is the positioning. 
• We need to make sure our device is mounted/carried as high up and unobstructed as possible, instead of being buried deep in an inaccessible place  & avoid placing devices near metal parts as they absorb/abstract the signal. 
• We should not set up too short intervals (too much data with a higher risk of deviations). On the other hand, too long intervals would result in an approximation of tracking results.

        5. GPS Installation:- 

• If the device is not fixed properly . You might get issues with the vehicle wiring and also GPS Tracking also. Only use trained technicians for GPS installation.